拉丁美洲原住民政治参与活动：潜力 发掘不足

2014年9月，联合国召开世界原住民大会，讨论实现原住民权益的成功事例及其前景。然而在拉丁美洲，原住民一如既往被边缘化，原住民及国家各种行动力量之间的矛盾，依然突出。

解析

虽然过去数十年里，拉丁美洲已经承认了原住民的权利，然而原住民仍然受到经济、政治及社会方面的歧视。原住民及其组织加大政治参与活动力度，反对贫困以及社会歧视。

• 边缘化、资源开采、基础设施项目，不仅对环境及原住民的生活基础带来了威胁，而且也激发了原住民与国家性及非国家性行动力量之间的矛盾。

• 拉丁美洲原住民之间的差异极大，不同族群之间的界限模糊，而自我身份认同，尤为主观。因此，在这些身份认同框架下进行政治参与活动，重要的不是共同的归属感，而是他们共同面临的问题。

• 虽然存在着几个特例现象，政治参与活动常常局限于地方层面。资源匮乏、缺乏施加政治影响的机会、原住民机构之间缺乏共识，上述种种，都阻止人们组织全国性的普遍政治参与活动。

The GIGA Focus is an Open Access publication and can be read on the Internet and downloaded free of charge at www.giga-hamburg.de/en/publications/giga-focus. According to the conditions of the Creative-Commons license Attribution-No Derivative Works 3.0, this publication may be freely duplicated, circulated, and made accessible to the public. The particular conditions include the correct indication of the initial publication as GIGA Focus and no changes in or abbreviation of texts.

The German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA) – Leibniz-Institut für Globale und Regionale Studien in Hamburg publishes the Focus series on Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Middle East and global issues. The GIGA Focus is edited and published by the GIGA. The views and opinions expressed are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the institute. Authors alone are responsible for the content of their articles. GIGA and the authors cannot be held liable for any errors and omissions, or for any consequences arising from the use of the information provided.