This article examines Baghdad's sectarian polarization by exploring the construction of separation walls in the neighborhoods of Adhamiya and Kadhimiya. Like others in the capital, both neighborhoods had suffered from sectarian violence, inflamed by destructive policies and political rhetoric, and the transformation of the city's urban character.
This paper shed light on the historic urban structure that the city of Najaf has, and the current challenges and circumstances that are facing its unique urban centre, its traditional architecture, and its identity as a heritage Islamic city.
