GIGA Focus International Edition Chinese
Number 1 | 2014 | ISSN: 2196-3959
2014年3月初,伊斯兰原教旨主义教派博科圣地(Boko Haram)的成员,在北尼日利亚的一座村庄里杀死了八十多人。博科圣地教派的成员,是萨拉菲斯特思想流派的追随者,而萨拉菲斯特流派在许多非洲国家里变得日益流行。许多观测者将萨拉菲斯主义特视为恐怖主义联盟的意识土壤。
解析 在公众讨论中,人们常常对萨拉菲斯特运动的复杂性及多样性避而不谈。概而言之,人们必须区分下面三者:和平的萨拉菲斯特主义者(寂静主义者)、政治上的萨拉菲斯特主义者、具有暴力倾向的萨拉菲斯特主义者 (圣战分子)。
萨拉菲斯特主义在非洲崛起,可溯原因颇多。其中一个原因是二十世纪九十年代早期的民主化浪潮,该浪潮为非洲许多国家带来了较大的宗教及联盟自由。
众多西方外交政治家以及科学家,提出的一个观点就是:萨拉菲斯特思想的传播,导致具有暴力倾向的伊斯兰原教旨主义教团诞生。而对非洲诸国的发展进行仔细分析后,却无法证明萨拉菲斯特思想直接导致恐怖主义的发展。
非洲国家面对萨拉菲斯特教团,必须发展出一个长期战略。但人们应该避免将国家暴力当成首要手段;人们更应该首先采取矛盾降级措施。
Elischer, Sebastian (2014), 萨拉菲斯特主义者在非洲:未必是恐 怖主义的开路先锋, GIGA Focus International Edition Chinese, 1, Hamburg: German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA), https://www.giga-hamburg.de/de/publication/%E8%90%A8%E6%8B%89%E8%8F%B2%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E8%80%85%E5%9C%A8%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%EF%BC%9A%E6%9C%AA%E5%BF%85%E6%98%AF%E6%81%90-%E6%80%96%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%9A%84%E5%BC%80%E8%B7%AF%E5%85%88%E9%94%8B
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