GIGA Focus International Edition Chinese
Number 4 | 2014 | ISSN: 2196-3959
2014年1月30日,政府间气候变化专门委员会公布了最新实况报告的第一部分。人们在改良过的气候模式上撰写该报告,与2007年提交的上一份报告相比,该报告对气候变化所带来的后果,发出了更为迫切的警告。中东国家尤其受到影响。
解析
气温上升,降雨量减少,会减少生存所必须的资源。如果发生这类环境变化的地方,政治机构及结构薄弱,那么爆发暴力冲突的危机,就尤其容易上升,许多中东国家就证明了这一点。
气候预测显示,全球气温将上升,水资源会继续减少。在中东,这类变化带来的后果,现在就已清晰可见。
过去历史上,长期气候变化,就已经直接或间接引发中东的暴力现象,例如在也门、伊拉克、苏丹或叙利亚。譬如在苏丹西部,就一再爆发争夺肥沃地区的暴力冲突;在也门西部,水成为人们在农村地区争夺得最为频繁的资源。
然而,按照新马尔萨斯人口论的预测,暴力必然升级,这一预测是无根据的:比环境变化自身更为重要的,是国家如何应对资源紧缺及其后果。气候变化虽然会加剧分配冲突,然而,气候变化最终会造成何种后果,主要取决于各政治机构的素质及能力。
这样,对尤其受到影响的国家而言,更为重要的就是,及早准备并采取措施,以适应气候变化。这样,人们可以阻止长期气候变化令政治及经济体系变得更加脆弱。
De Juan, Alexander, and Sarah Schwahn (2014), 弱国气温上升:中东气候变化及暴力 现象, GIGA Focus International Edition Chinese, 4, Hamburg: German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA), https://www.giga-hamburg.de/de/system/files/publications/gf_international_chin_1404.pdf
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